№3 (19) 2020

Eclampsia/preeclampsia continues to be not completely recognized, pathological condition of gestation determining perinatal/maternal morbidity/mortality, occupying the 3rd place in their structure up to the present time. This review examines the major historical steps of evolution in understanding eclampsia/preeclampsia: the “strange” disease of humanity associated with reproduction. The stages of description, definition, and understanding of the “disease of theories” are presented. The focus is on freely available information on the role of biological markers and the balance of modulators of hemostatic reactions specific to this pathology. Determination of the role of biologically active factors in the pathogenesis of the development of preeclampsia can contribute not only to the deepening of knowledge about the pathogenesis of this pathology, but also involves the search for drugs that have the ability to target specific PE markers.
Keywords: eclampsia, preeclampsia, biological markers, tissue factor.

Research objective: to study and assess the impact of major clinical factors on premature rupture of fetal membranes at 24–33 weeks of pregnancy.
Materials and methods. The study included 119 pregnant women in the period of 24–33 weeks of gestation: 27 women with a whole fetal bladder, who subsequently had an urgent birth with the timely discharge of amniotic fluid and birth of healthy full-term babies; 92 women with premature rupture of fetal membranes at 24–33 weeks of gestation, giving birth to premature babies. The statistical analysis was carried out using logistic regression.
Results and discussion. There were no significant differences in the structure of somatic diseases of the major group of pregnant women and the control group, which indicates the absence of adverse effects of chronic diseases on the PRFM. It was found that in the PRFM group, there was a statistically significantly higher proportion of women with STD in history (65% vs. 19%, p<0.001), in particular, with Candida albicans (18% vs. 0%, p=0.01) and Chlamydia trachomatis (14% vs. 0%, p=0.01). The analysis of fertility demonstrated the following: the control group and the PRFM group differ statistically significantly in pregnancy parity (p=0.001), in particular, in the PRFM group, there is a higher proportion of women with third pregnancy or more (57% vs. 26%, p=0.005) due to a lower proportion of women with the first pregnancy (12% vs. 41%, p=0.001). The proportion of women with history of pregnancy loss (32% vs. 0%, p=0.001) and abortion (57% vs. 19%, p=0.001) is also statistically significantly higher in the PRFM group than in control. In the analysis of complications of pregnancies in the control group and the PRFM group, there were no statistically significant differences, but in most women with PRFM pregnancy occurred against the background of the threat of premature birth (49%). In the PRFM group compared to the control on the first day after the fluid discharge, the level of hemoglobin 121 (111;129.5) g/L vs. 129(121–132) (p = 0.03) and an increased concentration of leukocytes – 13.7(8.2;17.2)×109 IU/L vs. 6.7(6.6–7.6)×109 IU/L (p<0.001) were noted. Conclusion. PRFM at 24–33 weeks of gestation is associated with an increased level of leukocytes (above 13×109 IU/L) in the blood serum, the parity in a woman (first, third and more), the presence of pregnancy losses and abortion in history, carrying the pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases (STD).