- Главная
- Цели и задачи
- Редакция
- Правила для авторов
- Рецензирование
- Контакты
- Архив выпусков
- Индексирование
- Этика научных публикаций
- Плата за публикацию
- Политика раскрытия и конфликты интересов
- Заимствования и плагиат
- Политика размещения препринтов и постпринтов
- Подписка
- Текущий выпуск
- Форма подачи статьи через сайт
- Поиск на сайте
№2 (14) 2019
Весь выпуск
Содержание
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: сибирский клещевой тиф, клещевые риккетсиозы, Rickettsia sibirica subsp. sibirica, иксодовые клещи, эпидемиология, мониторинг природных очагов.
In 2018, on the basis of the Federal Budget Institution of Science “Omsk Research Institute of Natural Focal Infections” of Rospotrebnadzor, a reference center for monitoring rickettsiosis (RCR) was established. The RCR staff monitored the infectious morbidity of Siberian tick-borne typhus (STT) in the period from 1979 to 2018 in 17 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the risk-oriented approach to prevention, differentiation of the territories of the Russian Federation endemic by STT was conducted with the allocation of epidemiological zones of low, average, above average, high and very high risk of infection of the population. The prognosis of the epidemic situation development for 2019 for endemic rickettsiosis is made on the basis of the estimated number of small mammals and ixodic ticks. The analysis of laboratory diagnostics and monitoring of tick-borne spotted fever rickettsiosis in the territories of 19 subjects of four federal districts of the Russian Federation was carried out. It is promising to clarify the spectrum of rickettsial pathogens in regions endemic by tick-borne rickettsiosis, especially in areas with no registered morbidity.
Keywords: Siberian tick-borne typhus, tick-borne rickettsiosis, Rickettsia sibirica subsp. sibirica, ixodic ticks, epidemiology, monitoring of natural foci.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: профессиональный риск, электромагнитные поля, рабочее место, гигиенический норматив производственного фактора.
The article presents the analysis and assessment of health risk of medical staff of the sanatorium from a complex of workplace factors of physical and chemical nature. Special attention is paid to the problem of occupational risk from electromagnetic exposure at workplaces for maintenance of physiotherapy devices. The results of the study allow to identify three groups of workplace factors with different occupational risk ratios and to propose measures for the protection of medical staff.
Keywords: occupational risk, electromagnetic fields, workplace, hygienic standard of the workplace factor.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: горнорудное предприятие, рудно-породная пыль, токсичные вещества, классы условий труда, профессиональный риск, профилактические мероприятия.
Kemerovo Oblast is one of the main mining regions of the country. The mining industry of the region is characterized by difficult working conditions, the impact on workers of a complex of adverse production factors, which determines a high risk of occupational diseases development. The article presents a hygienic assessment of factors of the production environment of employees of the main professional groups of the enterprise for the iron ore extraction: dust loading and toxic substances content in the air of the working area. The classes of working conditions are defined. On the basis of calculation of risks of occupational diseases formation, professional groups of miners most susceptible to influence of unfavorable factors of production environment were determined. The medical and preventive, as well as organizational and technical measures aimed at reducing the levels of risk and preserving the health of workers are proposed.
Keywords: mining enterprise, ore and rock dust, toxic substances, classes of working conditions, occupational risk, preventive measures.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: гигиеническая оценка, безопасность питания, сельское население, пищевая продукция, техническое регулирование, нитраты.
The article presents the results of research on the problem of food safety in Altai Krai under the conditions of the relevant technical regulations. Particular attention is paid to the nutrition of the rural population, as well as to the problem of analysis and evaluation of nitrate pollution of various types of vegetable products in the region.
Keywords: hygienic assessment, food safety, rural population, food products, technical regulation, nitrates.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: матриксные металлопротеиназы, S-нитрозоглутатион, гипоксия, культура клеток.
The effect of the synthetic antioxidant S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 protein (MMP-1) in human fibrosarcoma cells HT1080 in hypoxic hypoxia was studied. In hypoxic hypoxia, GSNO suppressed the expression of MMP-1 protein in cells of the HT1080 line. At the same time, hyperexpression of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD-2) increased, and hyperexpression of catalase reduced the expression of MMP-1 protein in cells of the HT1080 line.
Keywords: matrix metalloproteinase, S-nitrosoglutathione, hypoxia, cell culture.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Цель исследования. Изучить системные гемостатические эффекты фибрин-мономера при паренхиматозном кровотечении и их морфологические проявления в месте травмы.
Материалы и методы. В эксперименте на кроликах-самцах породы «Шиншилла» наряду с плацебо изучали гемостатические эффекты раствора фибрин-мономера (ФМ) в дозах 0,25 и 2,5 мг/кг при внутривенном (в/в) введении. Через 1 час после введения препаратов наносили стандартную травму печени и оценивали объем и темп кровопотери. Исследование системы гемостаза включало в себя определение числа тромбоцитов, концентрации фибриногена, уровня D-димера в плазме крови, показателей калиброванной тромбографии. Состояние раневой поверхности печени оценивали макро- и микроскопически.
Результаты и выводы. Предварительное введение ФМ в дозах 0,25 и 2,5 мг/кг приводило к уменьшению кровопотери после дозированной травмы в 6,3 и 7,8 раза соответственно, в сравнении с плацебо без изменения уровня генерации тромбина в плазме крови. ФМ в высокой дозе (2,5 мг/кг) минимизировал кровопотерю, вероятно, за счет активации коагуляционных свойств крови и тромбообразования, что иллюстрировалось 7-кратным ростом уровня D-димера. Вне зависимости от дозы вводимого ФМ, в месте повреждения ткани печени наблюдались массивные тромботические наложения, состоящие из толстых ветвящихся нитей фибрина. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о наличии у низкодозированного ФМ (0,25 мг/кг) уникальных гемостатических свойств в месте повреждения ткани, что открывает возможность к созданию нового поколения гемостатических препаратов системного действия.
Ключевые слова: система гемостаза, фибрин-мономер, травма печени, модель кровопотери, системный гемостатический эффект, морфология.
The article presents clarifying results of previously discovered hemostatic effects of different doses of fibrin-monomer in the experiment “in vivo” in dosed liver injury.
Research objective. To study systemic hemostatic effects of fibrin-monomer in parenchymatous bleeding and their morphological manifestations in the area of injury.
Materials and methods. In the experiment on male Chinchilla breed rabbits, along with placebo, hemostatic effects of fibrin-monomer (FM) solution at doses of 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg with intravenous (i.v.) administration were studied. 1 hour after the administration of drugs, a standard liver injury was applied and the volume and rate of blood loss was estimated. The study of the hemostasis system included determination of number of platelets, fibrinogen concentration, D-dimer level in blood plasma, calibrated thrombography indicators. The condition of the wound surface of the liver was assessed macro- and microscopically.
Results and conclusions. Preliminary administration of FM at doses of 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg led to a decrease in blood loss after the dosed injury by 6.3 and 7.8 times, respectively, compared to placebo without changing the level of thrombin generation in blood plasma. FM at a high dose (2.5 mg/kg) minimized blood loss, probably by activating the coagulation properties of blood and thrombogenesis, as illustrated by a 7-fold increase in D-dimer level. Regardless of the administered dose of FM, massive thrombotic overlays consisting of thick branching fibrin threads were observed at the site of liver tissue damage. The obtained data indicate the presence of unique hemostatic properties at the site of tissue damage in low dose FM (0.25 mg/kg), which opens the potential to create a new generation of hemostatic drugs of systemic action.
Keywords: hemostasis system, fibrin-monomer, liver injury, blood loss model, systemic hemostatic effect, morphology.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: гипотермия, темп умирания, компенсаторно-приспособительные реакции, ретроспективный анализ.
The article presents a retrospective analysis of pathomorphological changes in the lungs of people who died of fatal hypothermia. A total of 181 forensic medical protocols were studied. It is shown that morphological changes in lungs depended on the rate of dying, which was significantly influenced by ambient temperatures at the site of detection of the corpse. At a slow rate of dying (n=103) (t=+16°C to –10°C), there were more often found mucous secretion in the bronchi, emphysema and spasm of the bronchi, deposition of mucous secretion in the glands of the submucous base of the bronchi, and the «calorific» effect of capillaries of conductive parts of the lungs; at a rapid rate of cooling (n=78) (t=–11°C to –30°C), alveolar edema, stasis in vessels of microcirculation, hemorrhage in alveoli, desquamation of the bronchial epithelium were more often revealed; these changes may indicate the failure of compensatory adaptive processes in the lungs.
Keywords: hypothermia, rate of dying, compensatory adaptive reactions, retrospective analysis.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: варикозная болезнь, кроссэктомия, стриппинг, радиочастотная абляция большой подкожной вены.
The aim of the study was to compare clinical features of patients with primary venous disease: varicose disease in surgical treatment with the use of radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous and small saphenous veins and different variants of traditional phlebectomy. The retrospective study included 307 patients of different clinical classes of venous disease: varicose disease. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the use of the endovascular (radiofrequency ablation) or the traditional method of eliminating reflux on the great saphenous vein. It is shown that in surgical treatment of varicose disease the use of various surgical technologies of venous reflux elimination should be individualized.
Keywords: varicose disease, crossectomy, stripping, radiofrequency ablation of the great saphenous vein.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Установлены статистически значимые факторы перинатального риска при наличии рубца на матке: возраст матери 30 лет и старше (RR=1,53; 95% ДИ 1,02–2,29, p=0,042), хроническая никотиновая зависимость (RR=1,86; 95% ДИ 1,18–2,91, p=0,007), интергестационный интервал 2 года и менее (RR=1,81; 95% ДИ 1,21–2,72, p=0,004), наличие трех и более абортов в анамнезе (RR=1,98; 95% ДИ 1,28–3,06, p=0,002). Неосложненное течение настоящей беременности достоверно снижало перинатальный риск (RR=0,34; 95% ДИ 0,12–1,0, p=0,05).
Верификация факторов перинатального риска в комплексе с ультразвуковыми маркерами состояния фетоплацентарной системы может быть использована в выборе способа родоразрешения беременной с рубцом на матке после однократного кесарева сечения.
Ключевые слова: беременность, рубец на матке, факторы перинатального риска.
The relative risk of adverse perinatal outcome (RR) was assessed in 200 women with singlet pregnancy and a uterine scar after a single caesarean section.
Statistically significant factors of perinatal risk in the presence of a uterine scar were established: maternal age of 30 years and more (RR=1.53; 95% CI 1.02–2.29, p=0.042), chronic nicotine dependence (RR=1.86; 95% CI 1.18–2.91, p=0.007), intergestational interval of 2 years or less (RR=1.81; 95% CI 1.21–2.72, p=0.004), presence of three or more abortions in the history (RR=1.98; 95% CI 1.28–3.06, p=0.002). The uncomplicated course of this pregnancy significantly reduced the perinatal risk (RR=0.34; 95% CI 0.12–1.0, p=0.05).
Verification of perinatal risk factors in combination with ultrasonic markers of the state of the fetoplacental system can be used in choosing the method of delivery in pregnant women with a uterine scar after a single caesarean section.
Keywords: pregnancy, uterine scar, perinatal risk factors.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Установлено, что пневмониями с наличием легочно-плевральных осложнений чаще болели дети, находящиеся на искусственном вскармливании, с наличием сопутствующих атопических и/или аллергических заболеваний, имеющие неблагоприятные социально-бытовые условия, матери которых имели экстрагенитальную патологию и/или патологию беременности.
Ключевые слова: внебольничные пневмонии у детей, преморбидные факторы, клиническая характеристика, легочно-плевральные осложнения.
The clinical and social characteristics of 172 children with community-acquired pneumonia aged from 6 months to 17 years are given. The analysis of premorbid social and obstetric perinatal risk factors in children with pneumonia was carried out. 70 children were diagnosed with uncomplicated pneumonia, 102 patients were diagnosed with pneumonia with pulmonary and pleural complications. In the structure of pulmonary and pleural complications, pleuritis took the first place, it was revealed in 56.9% of patients, destruction of the lung was noted in 33.3% of patients, pneumothorax was diagnosed in 11.7% of patients, pyothorax was found in 9.8% of patients. In some children, combined pulmonary and pleural complications were revealed. Patients with complicated pneumonia in the clinic were dominated by toxic syndrome, and more pronounced inflammatory changes were noted in blood tests.
It was found that pneumonia with pulmonary and pleural complications was more likely to be acquired by children under artificial feeding, with concomitant atopic and/or allergic diseases, with unfavorable social conditions, having mothers with extragenital pathology and/or pregnancy pathology.
Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia in children, premorbid factors, clinical characteristic, pulmonary and pleural complications.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: эктопическая беременность, внематочная беременность, беременность в рудиментарном роге, аномалия развития матки.
Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening complication of the gestational process. Diagnosis of rare forms of ectopic pregnancy has certain difficulties, so every clinical case is of interest to obstetrician-gynecologists. The case of proper observation of progressive extrauterine pregnancy of 40.4 weeks after rupture of the rudimentary uterine horn with exit of the gestational sac into the abdominal cavity is presented. The operation and tactical approaches to the management of this case are described.
Keywords: ectopic pregnancy, extrauterine pregnancy, pregnancy in the rudimentary horn, abnormality of uterus development.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Материалы и методы. Всего обследовано 46 больных: 12 с микст-инфекцией, 10 с гранулоцитарным анаплазмозом человека и 24 с клещевым энцефалитом. Возраст больных был от 22 до 46 лет. При обследовании применен стандартный метод хромосомного анализа лимфоцитов крови.
Результаты. Установлено, что клещевые инфекции сопровождаются статистически значимым повышением уровня цитогенетических нарушений на протяжении первых трех месяцев после клинического выздоровления. Нормализация уровней цитогенетических нарушений у больных микст-инфекцией и моноинфекцией клещевого энцефалита наблюдалась через 6 месяцев после клинического выздоровления. У больных моноинфекцией гранулоцитарного анаплазмоза человека это происходило через 1 месяц после госпитализации. Показано, что особенно высокий уровень цитогенетических нарушений наблюдался в начальный период болезни. Большая часть анеуплоидных клеток были гипоплоидными. Наиболее часто отсутствовали хромосомы групп D и G. Преобладающим типом структурных нарушений хромосом были хроматидные разрывы.
Ключевые слова: хромосомные аберрации, клещевой энцефалит, гранулоцитарный анаплазмоз человека, микст-инфекция.
The aim of the study was to assess the cytogenetic effects of mixed infection of tick-borne encephalitis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis compared to the corresponding mono-infections.
Materials and methods. In total, 46 patients were examined: 12 with mixed infection, 10 with human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and 24 with tick-borne encephalitis. The age of patients varied from 22 to 46 years. In the examination, a standard method of chromosomal analysis of blood lymphocytes was applied.
Results. It was found that tick-borne infections are accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the level of cytogenetic disorders during the first three months after clinical recovery. Normalization of levels of cytogenetic disorders in patients with mixed infection and mono-infection of tick-borne encephalitis was observed 6 months after clinical recovery. In patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis mono-infection, it occurred 1 month after hospitalization. It is shown that a particularly high level of cytogenetic disorders was observed in the initial period of the disease. Most of the aneuploid cells were hypoploid. The most frequently missing chromosomes are those of groups D and G. Chromatid breaks were the predominant type of structural disorders of chromosomes.
Keywords: chromosome aberrations, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, mixed infection.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: острый вирусный гепатит А, острый вирусный гепатит В, слизистая оболочка гастродуоденальной зоны, острые эрозии и язвы, диспепсия.
In patients with acute viral hepatitis A and B in clinical practice, the state of the mucosa of the gastroduodenal zone is rarely assessed, despite the presence of a risk of developing acute erosion and ulcers of the upper gastrointestinal mucosa.
Keywords: acute viral hepatitis A, acute viral hepatitis B, mucosa of the gastroduodenal zone, acute erosion and ulcers, dyspepsia.
Аннотация ▼
Скрыть ▲
Ключевые слова: адаптация, оптимизация, съемные протезы.
The article presents the analysis of the results of questionnaires of orthopedic dentists about the methods of optimization of the adaptation process to removable dental prostheses.
Keywords: adaptation, optimization, removable dentures.